What Are Shingles Made Of? (Material Guide)

When it comes to choosing the right roofing material for your home, asphalt shingles often top the list of considerations for homeowners across the United States. They are not only popular but also practical, offering a balance between:

• Affordability
• Durability
• Aesthetic appeal

But what are shingles made of, and what makes them a preferred choice for many? In this blog post, we’ll explore these questions and more, providing you with all the information you need to make an informed decision for your home’s roof.

What Are Asphalt Shingles?

Asphalt shingles are one of the most common types of roofing materials used in residential homes. They are designed to protect your home from elements like rain, snow, and wind while also providing an attractive finish that can enhance your home’s curb appeal.

Structure of Asphalt Shingles

An asphalt shingle typically consists of a base mat, which is either made of organic materials like cellulose fibers or inorganic materials such as fiberglass. This base is then coated with a layer of asphalt, which acts as a waterproofing agent. To complete the shingle, ceramic granules are embedded on the surface. These granules not only add color and texture but also protect the asphalt from UV rays and increase the shingle’s fire resistance.

Purpose and Functionality

The main purpose of asphalt shingles is to act as a protective barrier for your home. They help prevent water penetration, which can lead to mold growth and structural damage. Additionally, they provide insulation, helping keep your home cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter.

What Are Asphalt Shingles Made Of?

Understanding the composition of asphalt shingles can help you appreciate their benefits and limitations. Here’s a closer look at the materials that make up these widely-used roofing components.

Base Mat

The base mat serves as the foundation of the shingle. There are two types of base materials commonly used:

• Fiberglass: This is the most popular choice today, as it is lightweight, fire-resistant, and offers excellent durability. Fiberglass mats are made by weaving glass fibers into a reinforcing mesh.
• Organic: These mats are made from cellulose fibers obtained from recycled paper or wood. They are thicker and more flexible than fiberglass mats but are less common due to their heavier weight and lower fire resistance.

Asphalt

The next layer is a waterproofing agent made from asphalt, a byproduct of petroleum refining. It is applied to the base mat to create a waterproof barrier. Asphalt is chosen for its hydrophobic properties, making it an ideal material for protecting against moisture and precipitation.

Mineral Granules

The top layer of the shingle is coated with mineral granules. These are small, coarse particles made from crushed rock and minerals, which are often coated with ceramic to protect the asphalt from UV degradation. The granules also add an aesthetic element, as they come in various colors and textures, allowing homeowners to choose a style that complements their home.

Sealant

An adhesive sealant is applied to the back of the shingles to help them adhere to each other and to the roof deck. This sealant is activated by the heat of the sun, causing the shingles to bond together and improve wind resistance.

Pros and Cons of Asphalt Shingles

While asphalt shingles are a popular choice, it’s important to weigh their advantages and disadvantages before making a decision.

✅ Advantages

• Affordability: Asphalt shingles are one of the most cost-effective roofing options available, making them accessible to a wide range of homeowners.
• Variety: With numerous colors, styles, and textures available, asphalt shingles offer flexibility in design, allowing homeowners to achieve the exact look they desire.
• Ease of Installation: These shingles are relatively easy to install, which can reduce labor costs and time.
• Durability: When properly installed and maintained, asphalt shingles can last between 15 to 30 years, depending on the quality and type.

❌ Disadvantages

• Susceptibility to Weather Damage: Extreme weather conditions, such as high winds and hail, can damage asphalt shingles.
• Environmental Impact: Since asphalt is a petroleum-based product, its production and disposal have an environmental impact.
• Algae Growth: In humid climates, asphalt shingles may develop unsightly algae growth.

3 Different Types of Asphalt Shingles

Not all asphalt shingles are created equal. Here’s an overview of the different types you might consider:

1. Three-Tab Shingles

These are the most basic and economical option. Named for the three tabs visible on each shingle, they lay flat against the roof and create a uniform appearance. However, they offer less wind resistance compared to other types.

2. Architectural Shingles

Also known as dimensional or laminate shingles, these are a step up from three-tab shingles. They are thicker, more durable, and offer a more textured, 3-dimensional appearance, often resembling natural wood or slate.

3. Luxury Shingles

Luxury shingles are the highest quality asphalt shingles available. They mimic the look of premium roofing materials like slate and cedar shake. While more expensive, they offer superior durability, aesthetics, and longevity.

How to Take Care of Asphalt Shingles

Proper maintenance of your asphalt shingle roof is crucial to prolonging its lifespan and ensuring optimal performance.

Regular Inspections

Inspect your roof at least twice a year, in the spring and fall, for any signs of damage such as missing, cracked, or curling shingles. Pay attention to potential problem areas such as valleys, vents, and chimneys.

Clean the Gutters

Keep your gutters clean and free of debris. Clogged gutters can lead to water backups, which can damage shingles and the underlying roof structure.

Remove Debris

Regularly remove debris such as leaves, branches, and moss from the roof surface. This will prevent moisture retention and reduce the risk of damage.

Address Algae Growth

If you notice algae growth, clean the affected areas using a mixture of water and mild detergent. Be cautious not to use pressure washers, as they can damage shingles.

Trim Overhanging Branches

Trim any tree branches that overhang your roof to prevent damage from falling limbs and reduce the accumulation of leaves and debris.

Professional Roofers For Your Roof Shingles

Investing in a quality asphalt shingle roof can provide your home with reliable protection and enhance its curb appeal for years to come. By understanding what asphalt shingles are made of, their pros and cons, and how to properly care for them, homeowners can make informed decisions about their roofing needs. Remember, the key to a long-lasting roof lies in regular maintenance and timely repairs.

If you’re considering an upgrade or need assistance with your roofing project, don’t hesitate to contact Veterans Contracting for expert guidance. They can help you choose the right type of shingles and ensure proper installation, giving you peace of mind and a beautiful roof that stands the test of time.